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.VllLiTARY OPERATIONS IN GEORGIA DURING THE WAR BETWEEN 
THE STATES. 



ADDRESS 

DELIVERED SEFORE THE 

ONFEDERATE SORVIVORS' ASSOCIATION 

IN AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, 

UPON THE OCCASION OF ITS FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REUNION 

ON 

Memorial Day, April 26th, 1893, 



COL: CHARLES C. JONES, Jr., LL. D., 

President of the Association, 



CHICKAMAUGA, 

BY 

COL: JOSEPH B. GUMMING, 

A Member of the Association, 



PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE ASSOCIATION. 



AUGUSTA, GA. 

Chronicle Job Printing Company. 

1893. 



MILITARY OPERATIONS IN GEORGIA DURING THE WAR BETWEEN 
THE STATES. 



ADD RESS 



DELIVERED •BEFORE THE 



FEDERATE hURVIVORS ASSOCIATION 

IN AUGUSTA, GEORGIA, 

UPON THE OCCASION OF ITS FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REUNION 

ON 

Memorial Day, April 26th, 1893, 



COL: CHARLES C. JONES, Jr., LL. D., 

President of the Association. 



CHICKAMAUGA, 

BY 

COL: JOSEPH B. CUMMING, 

A Member of the Association, 



PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE ASSOCIATION. 



Al-GUSTA, (;a. 

Chronicle Job Printing Company. 

1893. 



t^-^ol^ 



^3 2 3 



V 



THE ADDRESS. 



As I salute you, my Comrades, upon the return of this 
Memorial Day consecrate to the confirmation of Confederate 
friendships, the conservation of Confederate recollections, 
and the decoration of the graves of our Confederate Dead, 
I am reminded of the fact that seven of our companions 
who, with loyal hearts and responsive hands, greeted us at 
our last annual meeting and participated in the ceremonies 
and the privileges of that occasion, have passed through 

* * "that unfathom'd, boundless sea — 
The silent grave" — 

to the "port where the storms of life never beat, and the 
forms that have been tossed on its chafing waves lie quiet 
evermore." 

On the 2nd of June 1892, our comrade — Private B. W. 
Harter of Company G, Third Regiment Georgia Infantry, 
Wright's Brigade, Anderson's Division, A. P. Hill's Corps, 
Army of Northern Virginia, — responded to the final sum- 
mons; and, on the 25th of the ensuing month we followed 
to the tomb all that was mortal of Dr. S. P. Hunt who, 
during the war, discharged the duties of an Assistant Sur- 
geon in Confederate service. 

William Mulherin — Color Sergeant of Company B 
Oglethorpe Infantry, a brave soldier, a citizen highly 
esteemed for his public spirit, business enterprise, purity of 
character, and Christian virtues, and a valued membei of 
fhis Association, on the 30th of January ISDo calmly fell on 
sleep. In passing from our present companionship he car- 



ried with him the special regard of his late comrades in 
arms, and the benediction of this entire community. 

After a lingering illness, endured with the utmost com- 
posure, on the 9th of last March our companion Thomas 
W. NowELL, corporal of Company A Second Regiment 
South Carolina Cavalry, Butler's Brigade, Hampton's Divis- 
ion, Army of Northern Virginia, succumbed to the inroads 
of a mortal disease. On the Oth instant, we paid our tribute 
of respect to the memory of the Hon. William Gibson — 
gallant Colonel of the 48th Regiment Georgia Infantry, 
Wright's Brigade, Anderson's Division, A. P. Hill's Corps, 
Armv of Northern Virginia — who as a Representative in 
the General Assembly of this State, as President of the 
Senate, and as a Circuit Judge, for many years was regarded 
as a popular and an influential citizen of this Common- 
wealth. Only four days agone, we were surprised and sad- 
dened by the sudden and unexpected demise of Charles E. 
Staples, 4th Sergeant of Company A, 5th Regiment Geor- 
gia Infantry, Jackson's Brigade, Cheatham's Division, Har- 
dee's Corps, Army of Tennessee; and, on last Sunday the 
spirit of Jacob J. INIexger, private of Company G, 1st Reg- 
iment Georgia Regulars, returned to the God who gave it. 



Among Confederates of rank and prominence who have 
died since our last annual meeting will be specially remem- 
bered Brigadier General Joseph R. Anderson, of Vir- 
ginia, whose services in the field were surpassed by his more 
valuable labors as president and principal owner of the 
Tredegar Iron Works, at Richmond, upon which the Con- 
federacy largely depended for the rifling and banding and 
the manufacture of heavy guns, with suitable projectiles, for 
.sea-coast defence, for the armament of fixed batteries, and 
for the equipment of vessels of war; — the Honorable 
Thomas H. Watts, a war-governor of Alabama, and an 
Attorney General of the Confederate States; — Brigadier" 
General Lucius E. Polk, of Tennessee, whose reputation 



5 

is indissolubly linked with the stalwart history of the 
Army of the West; — Brigadier General Henry Gray, 
of lyouisiaiia, at one time close competitor with Judah P. 
Benjamin for the highest political honors within the gift 
of the General Assembly of the Pelican State; — Randall 
L. Gibson, of New Orleans, a Brigadier General of the 
Confederate Army, gallant, courteous, and gifted, and, 
at the time of his demise, occupying the distinguished 
position of senator from Louisiana in the congress of 
the United States; — Henry W. Hilliard, of Georgia, a 
many sided man, soldier, author, lawyer, preacher, orator, 
and diplomat, courtly in address, of broad culture, and for 
more than half a century a prominent actor in public 
affairs; — Lucius Ouintus Cincinnatus Lamar, of Missis- 
sippi, a native Georgian, who, as an officer in the army of 
Northern Virginia, as an instructor, lawyer, legislator. Con- 
federate Commissioner', Congressman, Senator, Secretary of 
the Interior, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, touched nothing which he did not adorn; — 
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard, of Louisiana, — 
last survivor of those illustrious officers who attained unto 
the grade of General in the regular army of the Confederate 
States*, — of noble lineage, — trained to feats of arms, — pro- 
moted for gallantry in our war with Mexico, — a mili- 
tary engineer of the highest repute, defending Charleston 
harbor with a skill and a tenacity challenging universal 
admiration, — a trusted leader of armies, — moved by valiant 
impulses, — imbued with the loftiest patriotism, — observant 
of the most exalted conceptions of civilized warfare, — ^irom 

*Acting; under and in pursuance of the provisions of an Act of the Provisional Conpress 
of the Confederate Slates, approved May 16th li*61, President Davis appointed the follow- 
ing officers with the ranl< and denomination of Ce>ifra/—ihe highest military grade known 
in the Armies of the Confederacy! Sam.ukl Coophr, of Virginia, to take lank as of May 
16th 18(i]; Albert Sidney Johnston, of Texas, to take rank as of May HOth 1861; Robkrt K. 
Lee, of Virginia, to take rank as of June ]4th 1861; Joskph E. Johnston, of Virginia, to 
take rank as of July 4th 180], and G. T. Beauregard, of Louisiana, to take rank as of July 
L'lst 186;. 

General Albert Sidney Johnston having been killed at the battle of Shiloh, Geneial 
Braxton Kragc, was appointed in his stead, to take rank as of the l-'lh of April 1862. 

On the .Tlst of January 1865 General Robert E. Lee was ai)pointed (ieneial in-Chief. 

Lieutenant General E. Kirbv Smith, of Florida, was. on the 19th of February 1864, 
appointed General in the Frozusional Army of the Confederate States, and on the ]8th of July 
1861, Lieutenant General John B. Hood, of Texas, was appointed General autth temfiorary 
rank. 



6 

the moment when the first gun of open opposition to Fed- 
eral usurpation thundered against Sumter to the day of final 
surrender wavering not in bravest maintenance of the Con- 
federate cause, and, at all times and upon occasions the 
most momentous, exhibiting the valor of the accomplished 
soldier and the knightliest traits of the defender of the 
rights and honor of a beleaguered nation, — without contro- 
versv one of the greatest of modern generals, — his memory 
is enshrined in our grateful recollection, and his deeds are 
reckoned among the proudest achievements of a consecrated 
past. Among the heroic names dignifying the Confederate 
book of fame appears one 

"In letters of gold on spotless white, 
Encircled with stars of quenchless light; 
Never a blot that page hath maired: 
And the star-wreathed name is Beauregard." 

Edmund Kirby Smith, of Florida, — brevetted for gal- 
lantry in the battles of Cerro Gordo and Contreras, — the only 
officer complimented with the rank of General in the Pro- 
visional Army of the Confederate States, — entrusted with 
the command of the trans-Mississippi Department, — from 
the inception to the close of the Confederate struggle for 
independence displaying in a conspicuous degree on many 
bloody fields and amid circumstances most difficult the capa- 
bilities of an accomplished soldier and the virtues which 
appertain to exalted patriotism, — since the conclusion of 
the war devoting his time and talents to the education of 
Southern youths, — passing the evening of a stormy life in 
the qiliet companionship of family, of literary friends, and 
of loving pupils, — and, as the end approached, animated by 
the faith and sustained by the hope of the true believer 
entering without fear upon the iter tcncbyicosnni^ exclaim- 
ing in anticipation of a blessed immortality: "Though I 
walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear 
no evil for Thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they 
comfort me." 



And, on the 9th instant, the Hon. Andrew Gordon 
Magrath, — for more than half a century a leading member 
of the Charleston Bar, — a Confederate District Judge of high 
repute, and a war-governor of South Carolina, — full of years 
and of honors, passing peacefully and painlessly through 
the tranquil gates of the historic city which had so long, 
commanded his affection and witnessed his triumphs, 
entered into the realm of sliadows. 



Four years ago, my friends,, in delivering the annual 
address before this Association I had the honor of remind- 
ing you of the prominent part borne by Georgians during 
the war between,the States. To-day, with your permission, 
I propose, by a panoramic review, to revive our recollection 
of the military events which transpired within the limits of 
this Commonwealth during that jnemorable epoch. 

On the 30th of October, 1861, armed launches from a 
blockading steamer attempted to set fire to a schooner which 
lay stranded near the Confederate battery on the north point 
of Warsaw Island. Fire from this battery — then garrisoned 
by the Republican Blues of Savannah — was oj^ened upon 
them. The enemy replied, and for a time quite an animated 
little engagement ensued, which terminated upon the with- 
drawal of the Federals who failed to accomplish their pur- 
pose. This affair, trivial at best, possesses some significance 
because it constituted the first passage at arms on the Geor- 
gia coast. 

The original line for the defense of the sea-coast of 
Georgia contemplated the construction and tenure of earth- 
works at every ship-channel entrance from Tybee island to 
Fernandina. The armajnent intended for these batteries 
consisted of from three to five guns, chiefly thirty-two 
pounders. Too weak to repel a formidable attack, these 
exterior defenses were largely designed to quiet the fears of 
planters who, at exposed points, apprehended the approach 
of small vessels and marauding parties sent to annoy and 



disorganize their estates. Their isolated positions, feeble 
armaments, and unfinished condition rendering them unten- 
able in the event of serious demonstrations, these advanced 
batteries were held but for a short time. Early in 1862 they 
were abandoned, and their guns were concentrated for the 
protection of the immediate water-approaches to the City of 
Savannah. 

On the 23rd of December, !8(31, Commodore Tattnall, 
while with his gun-boats convoying the steamer Fhigal to 
sea, encountered the opposition of Federal war-vessels ap- 
proaching from Warsaw Sound. Unable to overcome this 
resistance, the Confederates were compelled to relinquish 
their effort. >>^early eighteen months afterwards this vessel, 
which intermediately had been converted into an iron-clad 
and named the Atlanta^ armed with two seven-inch Brooke 
rifles and two six-inch rifle guns, with a crew of twenty one 
officers and one hundred and twenty one men, under the 
command of Captain Webb of the Confederate Navy, steamed 
beyond the then abandoned batteries on Skidaway island 
and gallantly engaged the Federal Monitors Weehawken 
and Nahant which were lying in W^arsaw Sound anticipating 
her coming*. When within six hundred yards of the former 
the Atlanta ran aground, but was quickly backed off and, 
boldly holding her course, again took the bottom where 
she stuck hard and fast. From this unfortunate situation 
the most strenuous efforts to extricate her pro\ed fruitless. 
Unable to bring her guns to bear with any degree of accur- 
acy upon the Weehawken which, approaching within short 
range and choosing her position, opened fire with her fifteen- 
inch guns, after receiving four shots which knocked off the 
pilot-house, drove in a port-stopper, seriously damaged the 
armor and wood-backing, and wounded sixteen men — among 
them two of the three pilots on board — the Atlanta was 
forced to surrender. The action lasted only sixteen nrinutes. 
The loss of this vessel was severely felt, and the conduct of 
Captain Webb in precipitating the unequal conflict has been 
severely criticized. Every means at command had been 



9 

employed to make the Atlanta a formidable armored ship, 
and mnch was expected of her. With her early capture 
these anticipations perished, and the Confederate Navy con- 
tinned to exist in these waters as little else than a feeble or- 
ganization. 

To the gallant and accomplished Commodore Josiah 
Tattnall — commanding this naval station — who had long 
been accustomed to deal with weighty affairs and to receive 
the honors paid to exalted rank and conspicuous service, the 
situation was depressing in the extreme. Well did Mr. 
Petigru, in a letter to him, express the general sentiment of 
his friends: " You certainly gave a strong proof of that nos- 
talgia which confers on the spot of bne's birth an interest 
beyond the value of riches, when you threw up one of the 
proudest situations under the sun to^ take your part with a 
people that could offer you nothing better than a cock-boat 
fleet." 



By removing the obstructions placed by the Confeder- 
ates in Wall's Cut — an artificial channel connecting New 
and Wright rivers — the Federals succeeded in introducing 
armed vessels into the Savannah river in rear of Fort 
Pulaski without encountering the fire of its guns, and in 
protecting their working parties employed in the construc- 
tion of investing batteries at Venus' Point and on the North 
end of Bird's island. Thus was the iso^tion of that fortress 
consummated. Its retention became simply a matter of 
time to be measured by the supplies on hand or by its capa- 
bilities of resistance in the event of severe bombardment. 
Only a little while prior to this investment of Pulaski Com- 
modore Tattnall, with his fleet, in sight and under fire of 
the gun-boats of the enemy, had forced the passage of the 
Savannah river and thrown into the fort a six month's sup- 
ply of provisions. Thenceforward communication ceased 
with that work which, left to its-own resources, prepared 
as best it could for the final struggle. 



10 

Meanwhile tlie United States troops were busily em- 
ployed in erecting eleven batteries on Tybee island, dis- 
tributed at distances from the fort varying from IGoO to 
8400 yards. These, when completed, were armed with 
thirty six guns and mortars. Of the forty eight pieces of 
ordnance constituting the armament of the fort only twenty 
could be brought to bear upon the Tybee island batteries. 
The garrison of Pulaski numbered three hundred "and eighty- 
nine men, all told. Early in the morning of the 10th of 
April, 18()2, Major-General David Hunter summoned the 
the fort to an immediate and unconditional surrender. To 
this demand Colonel Charles H. Olmstead, commanding, 
returned the brave and laconic response; "I am here to 
defend the Fort, not to surrender it." 

At a quarter past eight o'clock, the same morning, the 
bombardment commenced. Upon, the details of this mem- 
orable affair we may not enter. Suffice it to say that by 
half-past two o'clock P. M. on the 11th, the fire of the ene- 
my had proved so destructive that the fort became no longer 
tenable. Accordingly the white flag was displayed and 
terms of surrender were arranged with Brigadier General 
Q. A. Gilmore in immediate command of the United States 
forces on T)bee Island. This siege and reduction of Pu- 
laski should be regarded as an epoch not only in the history 
of the Civil War, but also in tracing the rapid development 
of the science of artillery. The important lesson was then 
learned that while h^avy mortars and columbiad guns proved 
in large measure innocuous, the most substantial brick scarp 
could, with satisfactory rapidity, be breached at 2500 yards 
b)- heavy rifle guns. The impulse which the results here 
obtained gave to the manufacture and use of rifled ordnance 
was strikingly illustrated during the subsequent operations 
in Charleston harbor and elsewhere during the progress of 
the war. Unfortunately the Confederates possessed neither 
the means nor the facilities for profiting suitably by this 
dearly bought experience. While the fire of the 10-incH 
and 13-inch mortars, and the impact of solid shot projected 



11 

fiom the 8-incli and 10-iiicli columbiads were very annoying 
and harmful to the guns mounted en barbette^ so far as the 
walls and arches of the fort were concerned, they caused no 
special damage. The Parrott and James rifles were the 
guns which wrought the fatal annoy. So accurate and 
destructive had been their aim that at the moment of the 
capitulation all the casemate guns bearing upon Tybee 
Island except two had been dismounted; and, of the bar- 
bette guns, only an equal number were in condition to 
respond to the Federal batteries. The outer wall of two 
casemates had been entirely carried away, and that enclosing 
the two adjoining ones was in a crumbling plight. Passing 
through the breach the rifle projectiles swept across the 
parade, impinged against the traverses which protected 
the north magazine, and exploded within a few feet of the 
door. Longer tenure of the fort became each moment more 
hazardous to the lives of the entire garrison, and could 
eventuate in no conceivable good. 

x\bout eleven o'clock in the forenoon of the second day's 
bombardment, while solid shots were battering the walls 
and shells were bursting above, within, and around the fort 
scattering their lethal fragments everywhere, the halyards 
of the garrison flag which floated from a staff planted upon 
the parapet just over the sally-port, and the staff itself were 
carried away by a projectile and the colors fell. Lieutenant 
Christopher Hussey of the Montgomery Guards, and private 
John Latham of the Washington Volunteers, sprang upon 
the parapet — swept at all points by deadly missiles — and, 
freeing the flag from its fallen and entangled situation, 
bravely bore it to the north-eastern angle of the fort where, 
rigging a temporary staff on a gun-carriage, they soon again 
amid the smoke and din and dangers of the conflict unfolded 
in proud defiance the stars and bars of the beleaguered Con- 
federacy. When the proud memories of this momentous 
struggle for independence are repeated, and the valiant deeds 
are recorded of those who illustrated the virtues of the truly 
brave under circumstances of peculiar peril aud, in the hour 



12 

of supreme danger, freely exposed their lives in support of 
the national emblem, let the recollection of this heroic inci- 
dent be perpetuated upon the historic page: let the. names 
of these courageous men be inscribed upon the roll of honor. 



As at Fort Pulaski the problem of the reduction of 
masonry walls at unusual ranges by rifle guns was solved to 
the surprise of many and in contravention,of accepted theo- 
ries, so, at Genesis' Point the value of sand parapets was 
fully proven in the face of ordnance of large calibre and tre- 
mendous power. 

Constituting the right of the exterior line projected and 
held for the protection of Savannah, and situated on the right 
bank of the Great Ogeechee river at Genesis' Point, Fort 
McAllister effectually commanded that stream, defended the 
rail-way bridge near Way's Station, and prevented the dis- 
organization of the slave labor upon the extensive rice plan- 
tations in its neighborhood. F'^rom the date of its construc- 
tion — which was coeval with our earliest coast defenses — to 
the day of its capture in December 1864, it subserved pur- 
poses most conducive to the general welfare and, on seven 
occasions, repulsed the naval attacks of the enemy. In our 
local military annals no name is more proudly remembered 
than that of this earth-work near the mouth of the Great 
Ogeechee. During its bombardment of the 27th of January, 
1803, fifteen inch guns were first used in the attempt to re- 
duce a shore battery, and the ability of properly constructed 
earth parapets to resist the impact of projectiles surpassing 
in weight and power any which had been hitherto used was 
fairly demonstrated. 

On this occasion a member of the garrison was literally 
buried upon the explosion of a fifteen inch shell which pen- 
etrated deep into the parapet in front of one of the gun cham- 
bers. Liberating first one arm and then his head from the 
superincumbent mass, and freeing his mouth from the sand 



13 

with which it was filled, he roared out in stentorian tones: 
"All quiet along the Ogeechee to-day." 

The last, and b)' far the most determined naval attack 
was launched on the 3rd of March 18G3. In it the monitors 
Passaic, Patapsco, Montauk, and Nahant, the Peira and two 
other thirteen inch mortar schooners, and the gunboats Wis- 
sahickon, Down, Sebago, Seneca, and Flambeau partici- 
pated. The bombardment began about half j^ast eight o'clock 
in the morning and, with but slight intermission, was main- 
tained until half past four o'clock in the afternoon when the 
monitors retired. The mortar-boats however, continued to 
throw their shejls during the night. It was manifestly the 
design of the enemy to renew the attack in the morning; but 
when, upon inspection, it was ascertained that the parapets 
of the fort had been thoroughly repaired, and that Mcx\llis- 
ter was seemingly as ready for the conflict as when it was 
inaugurated, the Federal commander, despairing of success, 
withdrew his fleet, thus according a triumph which conceded 
the ability of a properly constructed earth-work to withstand 
prolonged and formidable bombardment from the most pow- 
erful iron-clads of the United States Navy. It is admitted 
that the Passaic was struck thirty one times, and once by a 
ten inch solid shot very near her port hole. The Nahant 
and Patapsco were also frequently hit. Early in the action 
however, so sgon as it was ascertained by the Confederates 
that the guns of the fort were too light to penetrate the ar- 
mor of the monitors, or to inflict material injuiy, the revo- 
lutions of the turrets were narrowly watched, and our cannon 
were fired only when the opportunity presented itself for en- 
tering the open ports. 

Never again during the progress of the war did this for- 
tification suffer further attack at the mouths of Federal naval 
guns. With bermuda-turfed parapets and strengthened bat- 
tery it continued to be the pride of the military district, the 
guardian of valuable interests in the delta of the gently 
flowing Ogeechee, and the conspicuous witness of the valor 
of Georgia troops. And when, in December 1864, its flag 



14 

was lowered amid the smoke and carnage of the assault by 
•general Hazen's division, this fort, slenderly protected in 
the rear, was overrun and captured by overwhelming num- 
bers the shock of whose onset the combined and heroic resis- 
tance of an isolated and a feeble garrison of one hundred and 
fifty Confederates was powerless to withstand. No higher 
compliment can be paid to the valor of Major Anderson and 
his command on this occasion than that conveyed by the 
Federal general in his official report: "We fftught the gar- 
rison through the fort to their bomb-proofs, from which they 
still fought, and only succumbed as each man was individu- 
ally overpowered." 



The scene of conflict shifts from the low-lying shores 
to the hills of Georgia, and the thunders of cannon are sup- 
planted by the flash of sabres, the rattle of carbines, and the 
call of bugles sounding the charge. 

Late in April, 1803, a daring cavalry raid under the 
conduct of Colonel Streight was planned and inaugurated to 
strike a blow at the communications of General Bragg's 
army and to destroy the Confederate dqpots of supply in up- 
per Georgia. Advised of the movement, General Forrest 
quickly prepared to overtake the enemy and frustrate liis 
purpose. Dividing his force, of one column of pursuit he 
assumed personal command, while the leadership of the other 
was entriusted to Colonel Roddy. Pressing on rapidly gen- 
eral Forrest struck the enemy first at Day's Gap where, after 
a sharp encounter, the Federals withdrew in the direction oi 
Rome. From this time forward the pursuit was closely main- 
tained — the Confederates subsisting largely upon the pro- 
visions which Colonel vStreight abandoned cii roitte^ and re- 
furnishing themselves from the quarter master's stores dis- 
carded during the precipitate march. Sixteen miles from 
the scene of the first engagement, and along the trend of a 
rugged mountain stream battle was again joined, and the 



15 

enemy a second time gave way before the furious assaults of 
the Confederates. After three days of vigorous riding and 
fighting with insufficient food and forage General Forrest 
found it necessary to afford his exhausted troopers and jaded 
animals a rest of several hours duration. At ten o'clock in 
the morning of the second of May the Federal column was 
overtaken some ten miles from Black Creek — a confluent of 
the Coosa. In the face of a hot fire Forrest, with a detach- 
ment of picked men, boldly charged upon the rear of the 
enemy. Skirmishing continued until the creek was-reached 
which the Federals crossed by means of a wooden bridge 
which they immediately burnt. 

Black Creek being deep and rapid, its passage in the 
presence of the enemy was found impracticable. At this 
juncture a tall, comely country girl of some eighteen sum- 
mers — Emma Sanson by name — saluting General Forrest in- 
formed him that she was acquainted with an old ford in the 
neighborhood to which, said she, "I could guide you if I 
had a horse. The Yankees have taken every one we owned. "* 
At the moment Miss Sanson's mother endeavored to dissuade 
her from consummating her offer. "No Emma," urged the 
old lady, "do not gO; People will talk about you." "I am 
not afraid," responded the heroic girl, "to trust myself with 
as brave a man as General Forrest, and I do not care for 
people's talk." The general, — riding beside a log and ad- 
dressing words of commendation and thanks, — invited her 
to mount behind him. Without the least hesitation, and in- 
spired by a courage and patriotism w^orthy of all praise, she 
sprang from the log and seated herself in rear of the General 
prepared to conduct him to the designated point. Direct- 
ing a courier to follow, and pursuing the route indicated by 
Miss Sanson, after a ride of less than a mile through the 
woods the general reached the turn in the Creek where his 
fair guide declared there was a practicable ford, Dismount- 



*For an account of what here transpired we are chiefly indebted to the authors of the 
Campaigns of General N. B. Forrest, pp 26" et seq/ J. P. Miller & Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; and 
St. Louis, Missouri, 1868. 



16 

ing they walked to the bank. On the opposite side was 
posted a Federal attachment of some forty men, who opened 
fire upon them as they approached. The balls whistled by, 
cutting twigs from the trees and tearing up the ground. 
Naively inquiring what caused the noise, and being an- 
swered that it was the sound of passing bullets, the intrepid 
girl stepped in front of Forrest saying: "General stand be- 
hind me. They will not dare to shoot me." Gently put- 
ting her aside, and protesting that he could not possibly 
suffer her to make a breastwork of herself, the Confederate 
commander gave her his arm and screened her as far as he 
could. Placing her behind the shelter afforded by the roots 
of an upturned tree, and cautioning her to remain there until 
he could familiarize himself with the locality, General For- 
rest descended the ravine and proceeded to reconnoitre the 
ford. After a while upon looking back he found Miss San- 
son close behind him and carefully observing his movements. 
When reminded that he had enjoined upon her to remain 
under cover she replied: "Yes General, but I was afraid 
that you might be wounded and I wished to be near you." 
Returning up the bank they again drew the fire of the Fed- 
erals, several balls actually passing through her skirts. 
Turning around and facing the ejiemy this dauntless girl 
waved her sun-bonnet repeatedly and defiantly in the air. 
Perceiving this, the hostile fire ceased, and the Federals, un- 
covering and throwing up their caps, gave three hearty 
cheers. 

We offer no apology for pausing in the narrative to re- 
vive the recollection of this heroic incident, so characteristic 
of the valor and the patriotism of Southern womanhood. 

With his artillery compelling the detachment to retire 
from the vicinity of the ford. General Forrest in less than 
two hours there crossed his command and, at Turkey town, 
again brought the P'ederals to bay. Here another fierce en- 
counter occurred, Colonel Streight finally giving way and 
still retiring in the direction of Rome. He was again over- 
taken on the ensuingf mornino:. F'orrest's command now 



17 

numbered scarcely more than five hundred men, but they 
were terribly in earnest. Demand was made upon the Fed- 
eral Colonel for the immediate and unconditional surrender 
of his force. Parleying ensued which, after some delay and 
no inconsiderable ruse on the part of General Forrest, cul- 
minated in the entire Federal detachment — humbering some 
seventeen hundred men — yielding themselves as prisoners of 
war. 

A Federal Major, greatly chagrined at the turn affairs 
had taken, and evidently dissatisfied with the conduct of 
Colonel Streight, in commenting upon the mortifying ter- 
mination of wdiat promised to be a very important expedi- 
tion said: While negotiations weie pending and Colonel 
Streight was endeavoring to obtain the most favorable terms, 
General Forrest suddenly grew very mad, swearing that he 
would wait no longer, and declaring that he would rather 
kill the whole detachment than be cumbered with prisoners. 
Whereupon he dispatched couriers to the captains of certain 
designated Confederate Light Batteries, directing them to 
take post upon adjacent hills, and ordering four regiments, 
which he named, immediately to form line of battle. As the 
couriers departed at full speed to convey these orders — which 
the Federals at the time believed to be bona fide ^ — Forrest re- 
marked that his signal gun terminating the armistice would 
be fired in ten minutes. The truth is, added the Major, 
wdiile the Confederate commander was making this apparent 
show of force and promulgating these fictitious orders he 
had with him only two small field pieces and not more than 
half a full regiment of mounted men. He insisted that 
Colonel Streight had been badly swindled. It cannot be de- 
nied that this stratagem exerted a powerful influence upon 
the mind of the Federal colonel and had much to do in bring- 
ing about the surrender. 

During the last forty eight hours of this pursuit Forrest 
marched his command not less than ninety miles, and dur- 
ing the preceding' three days the Confederates advanced 
daily forty one miles, skirmishing and fighting incessantly. 



18 

By this brilliant and successfnl pursuit and capture of this 
formidable detachment the Confederate leader and his com- 
mand won the warmest gratitude and praise pi the Southern 
people. The valuable machine shops and dej'JOts of supplies 
at Rome and elsewhere in Northern Georgia were preserved, 
and General Bragg's communications were confirmed. This 
will be remembered as one of the most fortunate and con- 
spicuous episodes of the war. It broadened the reputation 
of the distinguished Cavalry leader who had already been 
saluted as the "wizard of the saddle." 



On the 10th of September, 1863, in the rugged and 
densely wooded valley, of Chickamauga fearful battle was 
joined between the Confederate Army commanded by General 
Braxton Bragg and the United States forces under the lead- 
ership of General Rosecrans. The shock was terrific, and 
the conflict — vigorously maintained for two days — has passed 
into history as one of the most desperate, bloody, and for- 
midable engagements of the civil war. The eajth trembled 
with the thunders of the combat. A black pall, ilhmiined 
by lurid flashes, enveloped hill and plain. Dwellings, trees, 
and growing crops were shattered by a merciless storm of 
shot and shell, and forest and stream were incarnadined by 
the blood of the wounded and the slain. Nearly one hun- 
dred and twenty-five thousand armed men participated in 
the lethal struggle — the contending forces being almost equal 
in numbers, with a preponderance of perhaps five thousand 
in favor of the Federals. Upon the cessation of actual hos- 
tilities — caused by the retreat of Rosecrans on the night of 
the 20th — thirty thousand lay dead or disabled on the field 
of carnage, attesting most emphatically the pertinacity of 
the assailants, the determination of the assailed, and the 
valor of all parties engaged. It would be impossible, my 
friends, within the compass of a single acklress to present an 
intelligent summary of the events which preceded, accom- 



19 

panied, and were consequent upon this great battle. Soldier 
and civilian, actor and critic — each in his own way — have 
again and again recounted incidents and perpetuated mem- 
ories than which none more august appertain to the annals 
of the Confederate Revolution. Our beloved and venerable 
Vice President — General M. A. Stovall — was present during 
the entire struggle and, with his brigade participated freely 
and nobly in the perils, the alternating fortunes, and the 
eventual triumph of the conflict. Giving utterance to a wish 
which, I am persuaded, is warmly cherished by us all, I 
would fain indulge the hope that he will, at no distant day, 
find leisure and inclination to favor us with a circumstantial 
narrative of the part borne by himself and his gallant com- 
mand during the complicated movements, desperate charges, 
and startling changes of position demanded by the exio-en- 
cies of the stern occasion. 

The presence of General Longstreet with two divisions 
of his corps constituted one of the most extraordinary and 
romantic incidents of the battle. With a celerity and a 
secrecy challenging the highest praise, he compassed a won- 
derful movement over some nine hundred miles of dilapi- 
dated railway, arriving with his glorious veterans from the 
Army of Northern Virginia just in time to plunge into the 
thickest of the fight and exert a potent influence in wresting 
victory from the trembling balance. 

At great cost was this Confederate triumph achieved. 
Of the brilliant opportunity for crushing in detail the Fed- 
eral forces as, advancing from Tennessee in widely sepa- 
rated columns they wildly manoeuvred from the 10th to the 
17th of vSeptember, General Bragg failed to take advantage. 
In like manner he neglected to reap the legitimate fruits of 
this dearly-bought victory, contenting himself with seizing 
and occupying the heights encircling Chattanooga into 
which, as an entrenched camp, the enemy retreated. 

The conversion of the battlefield of Chickamauga into 
a national park, with suitable memorials, if accomplished 
in a spirit of generosity and broad patriotism, will consti- 



20 

tute a lasting and an honorable tribnte to the illustrions 
memories of time and place. 



At half-past one o'clock on the morning of the 2nd of 
June, 18G4, a boat expedition, under the command of Lieu- 
tenant Pelot of the Confederate navy, moving from Savan- 
nah, after a desperate hand to hand conflict, succeeded in 
boarding and capturing in Warsaw Sound the United States 
steamer II afer Mitch. This vessel was a member of the 
blockading squadron on the Georgia coast. She cairied a 
battery of four guns and a crew of eighty-two men. The 
attacking party — conveyed in seven barges — numbered 
eighty, all told. This gallant exploit — worthy of commem- 
oration among the daring achievements of this heroic period 
— was accomplished at the cost of the life of the brave young 
commander. He was the first to gain the deck of the Hater 
W'itcJi where he fell, shot through the heart, while engaged 
in close combat with the enemy. Six Confederates were 
killed and twehe were wounded. The Federal casualties 
aggregated two killed and fifteen wounded. Among the 
latter was Lieutenant Pendergrast, commanding. The ves- 
sel and prisoners were safely conveyed within the Confeder- 
ate lines. 



The Confederate army embodied at and near Dalton, 
Georgia, under the command of General Joseph E.Johnston 
in May, 18G4, numbered about fifty thousand men of all 
arms.* Instead of defending ]\Iill-Creek and Snake- 
Creek gaps, placing his extra supplies in some safe position 
below the Etowah river, maintaining his ground, and by a 
grand assault upon Sherman's left and rear contending for 
a decided advantage, the Confederate leader — yielding to 



J Ta^,^^''' '■c'urnof June 10th 1864 showed "Effectives" 44,860 infantry. 3,872 artillery, 
and 10,616 cavalry. Shurtly after the evacuation of Daltpn the Confederate Army 
received material reinforcement. General Sherman says he entered upon the Dalton- 
Atlanta campaign with more than 98,000 men. 



21 

McPherson's demonstration against Resaca, and without a 
struggle abandoning his entrenched camp at DaUon — saw 
fit to adopt a Fabian policy, and to inaugurate a retreat 
which culminated in continued disappointment, and final 
disaster far reaching in its baleful influence. The criti- 
cism of General Hood is by no means irrelevant: " An 
army fighting and retreating at the same time, taking up 
positions day after day to be given up under cover of dark- 
ness, suffers great loss. During such a campaign the orders 
necessary to be issued in withdrawing, from the immediate 
presence of the enemy, such as directing that dead silence 
be observed, and that wheels be muffled for fear of dis- 
covery and attracting the fire of the antagonist, are depress- 
ing. Let this policy be continued for a distance of one 
hundred miles, as it was from Dalton to Atlanta, and the 
' pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war' are lost in 
a somewhat funereal procession."* 

Beyond controversy, if the Confederates were unable to 
check the advance of the Federals in a region where hill 
and defile and swiftly-flowing streams with precipitous 
banks offered excellent advantages, and where substantial 
defenses had already been established, what hope of success 
could be reasonably entertained when the battle must be 
fought in the plain, and in the presence of a foe whose 
numbers were daily augmenting ? While it was conducted 
in a masterly manner. General Johnston's retreat involved 
the loss of valuable territory, and impaired public confi- 
dence in the ultimate success of Confederate arms. Not- 
withstanding the decided checks which were administered 
at New Hope Church, at Kennesaw, and elsewhere along 
the line of march. General Sherman prosecuted his advance, 
compelling General Johnston to abandon one position after 
another until he had grouped his army around Atlanta. We 
are advised by apparently the most reliable returns that be- 
tween Dalton and Atlanta where, in obedience to orders 



♦Advance and Retreat, p. 71. Xew Orleans 1880. 



22 

from Richmond, General Johnston was superceded by Gen- 
eral Hood, the Confederate army had sustained an aggre- 
gate loss of nearly twenty-thousand men. What may be 
designated as the Dalton campaign lasted for seventy days, 
and during that time the two armies " never lost their 
grapple." 

A change of commanders in the presence of the enemy, 
bello fiagratite^ is hazardous at best, and cannot be justified 
except for special cause the existence of which in the pres- 
ent emergency has been gravely questioned. While Gen- 
eral Johnston insists that he had retreated as far as he pur- 
posed, and that his plans were all matured for turning upon 
the enemy with a power and in a mannei which in his judg- 
ment gave promise of a glorious victory, the Confederate 
authorities evidently did not sympathize in this impression. 
In the telegram from Adjutant General Cooper under date 
of July 17th, addressed to General Johnston, we read the 
following: " Lieutenant General J. B. Hood has been 
commissioned to the temporary rank of General under the 
late law of Congress. I am directed by the Secretary of 
War to inform you that as you have failed to arrest the ad- 
vance of the enemy to the vicinity of Atlanta — far in the 
interior of Georgia — and as you express no confidence that 
you can defeat or repel him, you are hereby relieved from 
the command of the Army and Department of Tennessee 
which you will immediately turn over to General Hood." 

So prompt and earnest was that officer in assuming the 
offensive, that by the afternoon of the 20th he assaulted 
with much vigor that portion of General Sherman's forces 
which had crossed Peach-tree Creek. Two days afterwards 
the attack was renewed on a vaster scale but with only par- 
tial success. It nevertheless, in the judgment of the Con- 
federate commander, improved the mora/c of the troops, 
infused new life and fresh hopes, arrested the tendency to 
desertion, defeated for a time the movement of generals 
McPherson and Schofield upon our communications, and 
demonstrated to the foe our determination to abandon no 



23 

more territory without at least a manly effort to retain it. 
In tins engagement the gallant Major General William 
Henry T. Walker, of Georgia — hero of three wars — fell at 
the head of his division while bravely leading it into action.* 
Almost simultaneously the accomplished F'ederal General 
McPherson received his death wound. The loss of these 
distinguished officers cast a gloom over both armies. 

General Hardee's failure to dislodge the enemy at Jones- 
boro, and the success of the Federals in establishing their 
investing forces in controlling positions, necessitated the 
speedy evacuation of Atlanta. On the 6th oi September 
the active operations around that city which, for a period of 
forty six days had been vigorously conducted between the 
Confederates — with an estimated strength of about forty five 
thousand men — and the Federal forces aggregating not less 
than one hundred thousand effectives, practically ceased. 
The physical fruits as well as the moral influence conse- 
quent upon this capture of Atlanta, in the judgment of Mr. 
Swinton, entitle the engagements which were fought in its 
vicinity to be classed among the twelve decisive battles of 
the war. 

Early in October General Hood entered upon that move- 
ment in rear of General Sherman's army which not only 
signally failed in accomplishing the end proposed but also, 
at Franklin and Nashville, culminated in irretrievable dis- 
aster. Unmoved by this formidable demonstration, and 
committing the defense of Tennessee to General Thomas, 
General Sherman began his preparations for a march from 
Atlanta to the coast. Communicating with General Grant, 
to whom as commander-in-chief had been entrusted the di- 
rection of military operations by the armies of the United 
States, he said: "I can make the march and make Georgia 
howl. * * * I Q2Ln make Savannah, Charleston, or the 
mouth of the Chattahoochee. I prefer to march through 
Georgia, smashing things to the sea." General Grant hav- 



* Our comrade Colonel Joseph 15. Cuininiu); was then his Adjutant General; and, at 
the moment, was conducting the right Brigade of Walkers' Division. 



24 

ing sanctioned the proposed movement and indicated Savan- 
nah as the objective of the campaign, General Sherman, 
about the middle of November, put his columns in motion. 
The "smashing" operation was fairly inaugurated by the 
wanton destruction of the cities of Rome and Atlanta. This 
invading army consisted of an infantry force of sixty thou- 
sand, supplemented by a cavalry division numbering fifty- 
five hundred sabres. There was also an allowance of one 
field piece to every thousand men — the light artillery thus 
aggregating between sixty-five and seventy guns, thorough- 
ly manned atid equipped. 

At th^ outset the cavalry corps of Major General Joseph 
Wheeler, and the Georgia State troops led by Major Generals 
Howell Cobb and Gustavus W. Smith, constituted the only 
opposing force on the Confederate side. In the interior of 
the Commonwealth remained only old men and boys to 
shoulder their fowling pieces and assist in disputing the pas- 
sage of swamps. Sore-pressed at every point, the once 
puissant armies of the Confederacy had been sadly depleted 
by disease, wounds, and death. Supplies of every kind were 
well-nigh exhausted, and no helping hand was extended in 
this hour of supreme need. Verily this vaunted undertak- 
ing of General Sherman, inaugurated at the most delightful 
season of the year, and prosecuted along good roads and 
through a region by no means lacking in provisions, cattle, 
and beasts of burthen, may be regarded rather as a holiday 
excursion on a gigantic military scale than as a martial en- 
terprise involving dangers, exposures, and uncertainties. 
With the exception of constant skirmishing with Wheeler's 
cavalry, and some show of resistance at certain j^oints — such 
as Griswoldville, Buckhead Creek, Waynesboro, and at the 
crossing of Great Ogeechee river — General Sherman met 
with but little opposition worthy of mention until, on the 
10th of December, his four army corps came into position 
before the western lines hastily constructed for the protec- 
tion of the land approaches to the city of Savannah. These 
lines — the right of which rested upon the Savannah river at 



25 

Williamson's plantation, and the left upon the Little Ogee- 
chee near the railway crossing — armed at intervals with 
siege and field pieces, were defended by a garrison of some 
ten thousand men under the command of Lieutenant General 
William J. Hardee. Feebly manned as they were, they 
nevertheless held the enemy in check for ten days. Had 
they, at any time, been vigorously assaulted, the small Con- 
federate force there embodied would quickly and surely have 
proven entirely inadequate for their retention. 

Fort McAllister having been captured by General Hazen 
on the L3th, General Sherman was enabled to communicate 
freely with the Federal fleet awaiting his arrival, to estab- 
lish a convenient base of supply for his army, and to pro- 
cure heavy ordnance with which to prosecute the siege of 
Savannah. Longer tenure of that city by the Confederates 
being now impracticable, arrangements were made for its 
early evacuation. This was accomplished during the night 
of the '20th, when the Confederate garrison, crossing the 
Savannah rivei on pontoon bridges, retreated to Hardeeville 
in South Carolina. Thus the State of Georgia, bereft of 
her defenders, lay at the mercy of the conqueror. By this 
invasion, the track of which — between fifty and sixty miles 
in width — was marked by every token of the most wanton 
spoliation and demolition. General Sherman estimated that 
he had endamaged this Commonwealth and her citizens to 
the extent of one hundred millions of dollars. Twenty mil- 
lions he reports as having enured to the benefit of the army 
of occupation. The remaining eighty millions he charac- 
terizes as "simple waste and destruction." 

That this predatory campaign was neither interrupted 
nor defeated is fairly attributable to the inability of the Con- 
federates to concentrate an army of opposition sufficiently 
strong to deliver battle along the line of march. Matters 
were rapidly hastening to a disastrous conclusion. 



General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, in 



26 

Virginia, and General Joseph E. Johnston near Durham sta- 
tion, in North Carolina, having surrendered the armies un- 
der their respective commands, the President and Heads of 
Departments of the Confederate Government were now fugi- 
tives from Richmond. The last meeting of the cabinet was 
held in the little town of Washington, Wilkes County, Geor- 
gia — the home of Robert Toombs. Partial and without 
special significance was that convocation; and, upon ad- 
journment, the members of the cabinet who were there pres- 
ent — each in his own way — sought safety in flight. When 
President Davis — accompanied by a small escort — left Wash- 
ington, his intention was to repair to the trans-Mississipi 
Department where, with the assistance of Generals E. Kirby 
Smith and J. Bankhead Magruder, he hoped and believed 
that he could continue to uphold the Confederate cause. In 
this anticipation he was sadly disappointed, and all expecta- 
tion of future operations was rudely dispelled by his early 
capture near Irwinville, in Southern Georgia. 

Approaching from Alabama, General J. H. Wilson, 
about the middle of April, 1865, entered Georgia with two 
columns — one penetrating by way -of West Point, and the 
other at Columbus. Stout, but ineffectual resistance was 
offered at both places. W^ith less than three hundred men 
General R. C. Tyler held the Confederate fort at West Point. 
Refusing to surrender, this little garrison fought until — all 
ammunition exhausted — stones and even unbayonetted guns 
were employed in the effort to beat back the Federals as 
they scaled the ramparts. The Confederate flag was never 
lowered until it was hauled down by the United States 
troops who, swarming over the parapet, overmastered the 
garrison and possessed themselves of the fort. Moving upon 
Macon, General Wilson there received the capitulation of 
General Howell Cobb. It was by a detachment from the 
command of this Federal officer that President Davis was 
captured. 



27 

And so, my friends, at the expense I fear me of your 
generous patience, I have attempted a rapid sketch of the 
prominent military operations which, during the civil war, 
were conducted within the geographical limits of this Com- 
monwealth. 

"Si computes annos, exiguum tempus: si vices rerum, 
sevum putes." While by this retrospect we are sensibly re- 
minded that our early anticipations of success were clouded 
by disappointment, and while the remembrance of plans de- 
feated, hopes unrealized, privations endured, and losses sus- 
tained is even now" pregnant with sensations of sincere re- 
gret, amid the Confederate lights and shadows cast upon the 
historic canvass we trace no semblance of dishonor, no sug- 
gestion of thought or act unworthy of the loftiest aspirations 
and the bravest endeavor. 

"Thus shall memory often in dreams sublime 
Catch a glimpse of the days that are over; 
Thus, sighing, look through the waves of time 
For the long faded glories they cover. ' ' 



*■ 
The following poem was composed by oiir comrade — 
the Hon. Joseph B. Camming — while in bivouac near the 
battle field of Chickamauga and shortly after the conclusion, 
of that memorable engagement. He was at the time chief 
of staff, with the rank of Major, in the division of Major 
General William H. T. Walker. At the solicitation of the 
members of the Association assembled around the festive 
board at the Schuetzen Platz during the afternoon of the 
2()th of April Colonel Camming recited these verses which, 
with his permission and in response to the wish of his com- 
panions, are here perpetuated in commemoration of one of 
the most famous battles of the war, and in pleasing recol- 
lection of our reunion on Memorial Day, 1893. 




CHICKAMAUGA. 



By many a peaceful valley home, 

In tranquil flow, 
A river toward the sea doth come, 

Stealthy and slow. 
In the days of old, in the ages gone. 
When the Indians claimed these lands his own, 
He called the stream in a tongue unknown, 

"Chickamauga!" 



Chickamauga, "River of Death," 

O silent River, 
What mystery through the ages hath 

Ever and ever 
Haunted thy bed? Hath warrior bled 
Upon thy banks, whose blood there shed. 
His people looking on, have said 

"Chickamauga?" 



Was it for forests on thy shore, 

By vale and hill. 
Silent e'en now, deathlike of yore. 

Somber and still? 
Or for thy flow these trees beneath. 
Feeble and sad as dying breath. 
That thou wast called, O River of Death, 

"Chickamauga?" 



30 

Was it thy current's ceaseless flow 

Down towards the sea, 

Constant as Death, whose march, tho' slow, 
No man can flee. 

Brought to the solemn Indian's mind 

Grim Death, who all men stalks behind, 

And he no better name could find, 

Chickamauga? 



No, none of these. In ages gone — 

Ah! who can say 
How oft to earth the leaves have flown 

Since that far day? — 
When Lookout solitary stood. 
And Pigeon knew not man's abode, 
And nameless yet thy waters flowed, 

Chickamauga! 

Upon thy shore a prophet stood 

That day of old — 
A prophet of the Indian blood — 

And thus foretold: 
"I see the red men vanish all, 
I see these leafy forests fall, 
I hear a stranger people call 

Chickamauga! 

"I see the smoke of wigwams rise — 
Not of my race; 
For it hath sought 'neath other skies 

A resting place. 
I see the white man's harvests wave, 
I see the white man's home, his grave 
Along the banks thy waters lave, 

Chickamauga. 



31 

"I see adown yon mountain way, 

(Countless they come), 
The northmen marching many a day. 
From their far home. 
With banners streaming on the gale, 
Followed by widow's, orphans' wail. 
Ah! now they seek thy peaceful vale, 

Chickamauga. 

« 
"Great Spirit! Hark! upon mine ears, 

Borne on the breeze, 
What sounds come up from future years. 

What sounds are these. 
As when the winds contend in heaven, 
And cloud 'gainst cloud is thunder driven, 
And all thy forests tempest riven, 

Chickamauga? 

"Great Spirit! As when burning brands, 
The opening year, 
Prepare the pleasant hunting lands 

For nimble deer, 
I see above the forest rise 
Dread clouds of smoke — not to mine eyes 
Like smoke of peace they seek thy skies, 

Chickamaug-a! 



"Great Spirit! hear! Great Spirit, see! 

Thy children die; 
And thick as leaves 'neath wintry tree, 

In death they lie. 
And — Ah! no more! Upon my sight 
Descends the future's viewless night. 
The vision from thy shore takes flight. 



Chickamauga! 



32 

"O limpid as thy native spring, 

Go take thy way, 
Ivimpid still, till the ages bring 

That distant day, 
When here within the sombre wood. 
Thy startled waves shall flow with blood — 
Then will thy name be nnderstood, 

Chickamauga!" 

E'en now fulfilled, O "River of Death,"* 

This dream of old, 
Thy banks along, thy trees beneath,' 

Mine eyes behold! 
To Northmen, who invading come, 
To Freemen fighting for their home, 
To friend, to foe, thou art the tomb, 

Chickamauga! 




OFFICERS 



Confederate Survivors' Association 



i'i;Ksn>KX'r. 
COL. CllAHLKS I'. .lONES, Ji;.. LI.. I). 

KIItST VICi: I'HKSIDKNT, 

(Al'T. F. EDGLWOirni V.VK. 

Sl'X'O.M) VICK I'KKSIDKXT, 

GEX. :\LVRrELLrS A..ST()VAJ>L. 

TIIIIM) VICK PliEsIDKXT. 

IIOX. .L\S. ('. C. r.LACK. 

SKClJKTAltV, 

F. M. STOVALL. Esi;. 

TKEA.SUREi:, 

CAPT. ( HAKLES E. COFFIX. 

A I MUTANT, 

TJEUT. SALEM PrTCHER. 

SKlUiEANT MA.IOK, 

.lOKDAX BOTTOM, Es(j. 

CHAPLAIN. 

REV. LANSING BUUKOWS. 1). D. 

SKNTINKL, 

(APT. T. .T. BOSTIC. 



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